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Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: Assessing and Monitoring Cryptic Reef Diversity of Colonizing Marine Invertebrates using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) Deployed at Coral Reef Sites across the U.S. Pacific from 2008-02-06 to 2012-05-18 (NCEI Accession 0162469)

Data provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

To support a long-term program for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems, from 2008, Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) have been deployed and/or recovered across the U.S. on Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP) cruises conducted at two to three year intervals by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC).

CREP partnered with other scientists from the Census of Marine Life (CoML) Census of Coral Reef Ecosystems (CReefs) to develop Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS). ARMS mimic the complexity of coral reefs to attract/collect colonizing invertebrates and provide a systematic, consistent, and comparable method to monitor cryptic reef diversity.

The key innovation of this method is that ARMS sample biodiversity over precisely the same surface area in the exact same manner. Thus, the use of ARMS is a systematic, consistent, and comparable method for monitoring the cryptobiota community overtime.

The data was gathered from the Hawaiian Archipelago, the Mariana Archipelago, American Samoa, and the Pacific Remote Island Areas between 2010 and 2012. At specific reef sites, divers enter the water and deploy and/or recover the ARMS unit. Each unit consists of 23 cm x 23 cm gray, type 1 PVC plates stacked in alternating series of 4 open and 4 obstructed layers and attached to a base plate of 35 cm x 45 cm which is affixed to the reef. They are designed to mimic the structural complexity of a reef and attract colonizing invertebrates.

Upon recovery, the ARMS unit is encapsulated, brought to the surface, and disassembled and processed onboard the research ship. Disassembled plates are photographed to document recruited sessile organisms and scraped clean and preserved in 95% ethanol for future DNA processing. Recruited motile organisms are sieved into 3 size fractions: 2 mm, 500 um, and 100 um. The 500 um and 100 um fraction is bulked and preserved in 95% ethanol for future DNA processing. The 2 mm fraction is sorted into morphospecies. These DNA sequencing data are not included in this dataset.

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Updated: 2024-02-22

Metadata Last Updated: 2025-11-19T15:57:01.670Z

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Title	Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: Assessing and Monitoring Cryptic Reef Diversity of Colonizing Marine Invertebrates using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) Deployed at Coral Reef Sites across the U.S. Pacific from 2008-02-06 to 2012-05-18 (NCEI Accession 0162469)
Description	To support a long-term program for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems, from 2008, Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) have been deployed and/or recovered across the U.S. on Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP) cruises conducted at two to three year intervals by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC). CREP partnered with other scientists from the Census of Marine Life (CoML) Census of Coral Reef Ecosystems (CReefs) to develop Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS). ARMS mimic the complexity of coral reefs to attract/collect colonizing invertebrates and provide a systematic, consistent, and comparable method to monitor cryptic reef diversity. The key innovation of this method is that ARMS sample biodiversity over precisely the same surface area in the exact same manner. Thus, the use of ARMS is a systematic, consistent, and comparable method for monitoring the cryptobiota community overtime. The data was gathered from the Hawaiian Archipelago, the Mariana Archipelago, American Samoa, and the Pacific Remote Island Areas between 2010 and 2012. At specific reef sites, divers enter the water and deploy and/or recover the ARMS unit. Each unit consists of 23 cm x 23 cm gray, type 1 PVC plates stacked in alternating series of 4 open and 4 obstructed layers and attached to a base plate of 35 cm x 45 cm which is affixed to the reef. They are designed to mimic the structural complexity of a reef and attract colonizing invertebrates. Upon recovery, the ARMS unit is encapsulated, brought to the surface, and disassembled and processed onboard the research ship. Disassembled plates are photographed to document recruited sessile organisms and scraped clean and preserved in 95% ethanol for future DNA processing. Recruited motile organisms are sieved into 3 size fractions: 2 mm, 500 um, and 100 um. The 500 um and 100 um fraction is bulked and preserved in 95% ethanol for future DNA processing. The 2 mm fraction is sorted into morphospecies. These DNA sequencing data are not included in this dataset.
Modified	2025-11-19T15:57:01.670Z
Publisher Name	N/A
Contact	N/A
Keywords	0162469 , biological data , INVERTEBRATE SPECIES , SPECIES IDENTIFICATION , SPECIES IDENTIFICATION - COUNT , visual observation , biological , laboratory analyses , NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai , NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette , Coral Reef Ecosystems Program , Coral Reef Ecosystems Program , Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) , CORAL REEF STUDIES , Pacific Reef and Assessment Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP) , National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa , North Pacific Ocean , Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument , Philippine Sea , Rose Atoll Marine National Monument , South Pacific Ocean , oceanography , DOC/NOAA/NMFS > National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce , 1221 , 587 , C204 Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP): Biennial monitoring for the US Pacific Islands and Atolls , Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: Monitoring coral reef ecosystems of the US Pacific Islands and Atolls , CRED , CREP , Coral Reef Ecosystem Division , Coral Reef Ecosystem Program , PIFSC , Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center , Numeric Data Sets > Biology , EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment , EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structure (ARMS) , EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > In Situ Biological , EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology , EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Brachyura , EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Cryptobiota , EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates , EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Biodiversity , EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Census , EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Macroinvertebrates , EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION , EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES , Biennial , Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) , VISUAL OBSERVATIONS > VISUAL OBSERVATIONS , Ships , Hi'ialakai (call sign: WTEY, ICES code: 33HL, 2004-) , OSCAR ELTON SETTE (call sign: WTEE, ICES code: 33OC, 2003-) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Maug > Maug Island (20N145E0001) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Northern Mariana Islands > Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) (18N146E0000) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Pagan > Pagan Island (18N145E0001) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Rota > Rota Island ( Luta ) (14N145E0007) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Saipan > Saipan Island (15N145E0002) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Ofu Island (14S169W0013) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Olosega Island (14S169W0014) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Rose Atoll (14S168W0001) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Swains Atoll (11S171W0001) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Tutuila Island (14S170W0016) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Guam > Guam (13N144E0000) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Kauai Island (22N159W0001) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Kure Atoll (28N178W0001) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Lisianski Island (25N173W0001) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Oahu (21N157W0003) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Maui > Maui Island (20N156W0004) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Baker Island (00N176W0001) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Howland Island (00S176W0001) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001) , COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Wake Atoll (19N167E0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > Rose Atoll (14S168W0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > Swains Atoll (11S171W0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > Tutuila Island (14S170W0016) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Baker Island > Baker Island (00N176W0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands (21N157W0027) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii Island > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Kauai Island > Kauai Island (22N159W0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Maui Island > Maui Island (20N156W0004) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Oahu (21N157W0003) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Howland Island > Howland Island (00S176W0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Johnston Atoll > Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Kure Atoll (28N178W0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Lisianski Island (25N173W0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Pearl and Hermes Reef (27N176W0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Wake Atoll > Wake Atoll (19N167E0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Manu'a Group > Ofu Island (14S169W0013) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Manu'a Group > Olosega Island (14S169W0014) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Guam > Guam (13N144E0000) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Mariana Archipelago > Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) (18N146E0000) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Maug Island > Maug Island (20N145E0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Pagan Island > Pagan Island (18N145E0001) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Rota Island > Rota Island ( Luta ) (14N145E0007) , OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Saipan Island > Saipan Island (15N145E0002) , OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > AMERICAN SAMOA , OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS , OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN , OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN , CNMI , Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands , MHI , Main Hawaiian Islands , Mariana Archipelago , Mariana Islands , Marianas , NWHI , Northwestern Hawaiian Islands , PRIA , Pacific Remote Island Areas , South Pacific Ocean , NWA8UB , environment , oceans , biota

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    "title": "Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: Assessing and Monitoring Cryptic Reef Diversity of Colonizing Marine Invertebrates using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) Deployed at Coral Reef Sites across the U.S. Pacific from 2008-02-06 to 2012-05-18 (NCEI Accession 0162469)",
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}

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Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: Assessing and Monitoring Cryptic Reef Diversity of Colonizing Marine Invertebrates using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) Deployed at Coral Reef Sites across the U.S. Pacific from 2008-02-06 to 2012-05-18 (NCEI Accession 0162469)

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