{
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    "title": "Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2019 (SOCATv2019) (NCEI Accession 0190072)",
    "description": "This dataset consists of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) data product files. SOCAT is a synthesis activity by the international marine carbon research community and has more than 100 contributors worldwide. SOCAT provides access to synthesis and gridded, quality controlled, observational products of surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) for the global oceans and coastal seas. SOCAT version 2019 has 25.7 million quality-controlled surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of CO2) observations with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 \u03bcatm and a WOCE flag of 2 (good) from 1957 to 2017 from 1957 to 2019 for the global oceans and coastal seas. In addition, 1.7 million values with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 \u03bcatm are available. During quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each data set, as well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values. Data sets are assigned flags of A and B for an accuracy of better than 2 \u03bcatm, flags of C and D for an accuracy of better than 5 \u03bcatm and a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 \u03bcatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe the quality control criteria used in SOCAT versions 3, 4, 5, 6 and 2019. Quality control comments for individual data sets can be accessed via the SOCAT Data Set Viewer. All data sets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 \u00b5atm (flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a flag of 2. Access to data sets with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 (flag of E) and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al., 2016). SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1\u00b0 longitude by 1\u00b0 latitude resolution. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25\u00b0 longitude by 0.25\u00b0 latitude is available for the coastal seas. Gridded products are available monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers, the Data Set Viewer and the Gridded Data Viewer (www.socat.info), enable investigation of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can be downloaded. Matlab code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View also provides access to the SOCAT data products (www.socat.info). SOCAT data products are discoverable, accessible and citable. SOCAT versions 3 to 2019 should be cited as Bakker et al., 2016 (until a publication on versions 4 to 2019 is published). The SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement (www.socat.info) asks users to generously acknowledge the contribution of SOCAT scientists by invitation to co-authorship, especially for data providers in regional studies, and\/or reference to relevant scientific articles. The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online viewers, downloadable data sets, the Fair Data Use Statement, a list of contributors and an overview of scientific publications on and using SOCAT. Automation of data upload and initial data checks allows annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onwards. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of sensor data and ocean biogeochemical models. More than 260 peer-reviewed scientific publications and 80 high-impact reports cite SOCAT. SOCAT represents a milestone in biogeochemical and climate research. SOCAT informs policy and high-profile climate negotiations. Maintenance and annual updates of the SOCAT product require sustained funding and community involvement.",
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    "modified": "2025-11-19T16:09:26.923Z",
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    "keyword": [
        "0190072",
        "BAROMETRIC PRESSURE",
        "Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere",
        "partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water",
        "SALINITY - SURFACE WATER",
        "SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE",
        "barometric pressure sensor",
        "showerhead equilibrator",
        "temperature sensor",
        "chemical",
        "meteorological",
        "physical",
        "surface measurements",
        "underway",
        "VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS",
        "Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization",
        "Laboratoire d'Oc\u00e9anographie et du Climat : Exp\u00e9rimentations et Approches Num\u00e9riques",
        "Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory",
        "National Institute for Environmental Studies",
        "NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory",
        "NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory",
        "NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory",
        "University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute",
        "University of Otago",
        "University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences",
        "Ship of Opportunity Programme (SOOP)",
        "Arctic Ocean",
        "Baltic Sea",
        "Caribbean Sea",
        "Gulf of Mexico",
        "Indian Ocean",
        "Mediterranean Sea",
        "North Atlantic Ocean",
        "North Pacific Ocean",
        "South Atlantic Ocean",
        "South Pacific Ocean",
        "Southern Ocean",
        "oceanography",
        "COLUMBIA\/LDEO > Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University",
        "DOC\/NOAA\/OAR\/AOML > Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce",
        "DOC\/NOAA\/OAR\/PMEL > Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce",
        "JP\/NIES > National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan",
        "U-BERGEN\/GEOPH > Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen",
        "Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project",
        "Coastal Carbon Project",
        "Moorings and Time Series project",
        "SOOP",
        "Coastal Carbon Project",
        "Moorings and Time Series Project",
        "Ship Of Opportunity Program (SOOP)",
        "EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE",
        "EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE",
        "EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS > ATMOSPHERIC\/OCEAN INDICATORS > SURFACE SALINITY",
        "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE",
        "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE",
        "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY\/DENSITY > SALINITY",
        "Data synthesis product",
        "Surface underway",
        "SOCAT",
        "SOCATv2019 Data Synthesis Product",
        "SOCATv2019 database",
        "SOCATv2019 gridded data product",
        "ATM_PPRE",
        "EQ_PRE",
        "EQ_TMP",
        "SSS",
        "SST",
        "fCO2",
        "BAROMETERS > BAROMETERS",
        "EQUILIBRATORS",
        "TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS",
        "OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN",
        "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN",
        "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > BALTIC SEA",
        "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > CARIBBEAN SEA",
        "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF AMERICA",
        "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF MEXICO",
        "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > MEDITERRANEAN SEA",
        "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN",
        "OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN",
        "OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN",
        "OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN",
        "OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN",
        "Arctic Ocean",
        "Atlantic Ocean",
        "Indian Ocean",
        "Pacific Ocean",
        "Southern Ocean",
        "environment",
        "oceans",
        "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"
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}