Many aspects of the environment are outside the control of local or regional resource managers. These conditions may require concerted global action to affect change (e.g., water temperatures) or cannot be controlled at all (e.g., wave power). This layer synthesized spatial information for several non-managed conditions to create a relative score for how favorable a given location is for coral growth and survival.

Many aspects of the environment are outside the control of local or regional resource managers. These conditions may require concerted global action to affect change (e.g., water temperatures) or cannot be controlled at all (e.g., wave power). This layer synthesized spatial information for several non-managed conditions to create a relative score for how favorable a given location is for coral growth and survival.

The overall condition of the environment is a combination of managed and non-managed factors. While it is difficult for managers to prevent coral bleaching events, reefs experiencing fewer stressors may recover more quickly than reefs that were highly stressed at the time of bleaching. The scores for managed (see layer "as_usgs_tutma_coralscore_mgt") and non-managed conditions (see layer "as_usgs_tutma_coralscore_nonmgt_rcp45") were averaged to produce an overall environmental favorability score.

The overall condition of the environment is a combination of managed and non-managed factors. While it is difficult for managers to prevent coral bleaching events, reefs experiencing fewer stressors may recover more quickly than reefs that were highly stressed at the time of bleaching. The scores for managed (see layer "as_usgs_tutma_coralscore_mgt") and non-managed conditions (see layer "as_usgs_tutma_coralscore_nonmgt_rcp85") were averaged to produce an overall environmental favorability score.

Since 2007, the Coral Reef Research Foundation (CRRF) has operated a Campbell Scientific automatic weather station (AWS) in Palau designed to measure meteorological/atmospheric conditions relevant to Koror State's Rock Islands Southern Lagoon, a World Heritage Site. With little flat land in the Rock Islands, the weather station is located on a 40-ft tower situated on a karst ridge on Ngeanges Island at 100 ft elevation, about 5.4 km (3.5 mi) from CRRF's study site at Jellyfish Lake.

The Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) automatic weather station (AWS) records hourly measurements of precipitation, air temperature, wind speed and direction, and irradiance. Sensors include an Eppley 295-385 nm ultraviolet (UV) radiometer, a LiCor 200SZ Pyranometer, and a LiCor Quantameter (400-700 nm). The sensors are located on the roof of HIMB's Coral Reef Ecology Laboratory (Point Lab) on Moku o Loe (Coconut Island) in Kaneohe Bay on the windward (eastern) coast of Oahu in Hawaii.

The Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) operates a Davis Instruments automatic weather station (AWS) near the entrance to Honolulu Harbor on the leeward (western) coast of Oahu in Hawaii to aid with navigation. The station records measurements every 5 minutes of air temperature, wind speed and direction, precipitation, relative humidity, and air pressure. Sensors are located at Pier 1, installed on a tower at an elevation of 64 feet (19.5 meters) above sea level. The station is owned by the Hawaii Pilots Association (HPA).

Phsyical Oceanographic Circulation Study

Phsyical Oceanographic Circulation Study

Phsyical Oceanographic Circulation Study