This package contains a set of 12 monthly mean (MM) climatologies, one for each calendar month, and the maximum monthly mean (MMM) climatology. Each climatology has global coverage at 0.05-degree (5km) spatial resolution. The climatologies were derived from NOAA Coral Reef Watch's (CRW) CoralTemp Version 1.0 product and are based on the 1985-2012 time period of the CoralTemp data. They are used in deriving CRW's Daily Global 5km Satellite Coral Bleaching Heat Stress Monitoring Product Suite Version 3.1.

Raw data from the benthic macroinvertebrate surveys conducted in Saginaw Bay in 2006-2009, and in Lake Huron, including Georgian Bay and North Channel, in 2007 and 2012. These basic benthic survey data provide number of each taxon in each replicate sample (abundance), density, and biomass.

This dataset contains discrete bottle sample data collected from the Gray's Reef mooring, within the Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary in February. Samples were collected from the surface layer, treated with 0.1 µL of HgCl2, stored on ice, and transported to the University of Delaware for DIC and TAlk analysis. Data is used to calculate pCO2 and compared to moored observations for internal consistency and validation of time series observations.

Parrotfishes were surveyed using two different methods:

1. the Reef Visual Census program (See Smith et al 2011 and Brandt et al 2009 and https://grunt.sefsc.noaa.gov/rvc_analysis20/ for more information about this program) has been conducting a visual survey of reef fish species throughout the Florida Keys since 1978.

2. The roving diver survey (see Adam et al 2015) was used in 2013 to collect data on parrotfishes only at several reefs in the Upper Florida Keys.

A Cape-wide census of Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups (live and dead) occurs every year once pupping is over. The census occurs in the last days of December, on a day when conditions and visibility are favorable. Cape Shirreff is located on Livingston Island, in the South Shetlands off the Antarctic Peninsula.

This dataset consists of the estimated changes in the ocean content of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) between 1994 and 2007 as described in detail in Gruber et al. [2019] (Science). These estimates have been derived from the GLODAPv2 product [Olsen et al., 2016] using the eMLR(C*) method developed by Clement and Gruber [2018]. This method is based on the eMLR method [Friis et al., 2005], which determines the change in Cant on the basis of linear regression fits to data from two different time periods (here the JGOFS–WOCE era (~1994) and the Repeat Hydrography–GO-SHIP era (~2007)).

This dataset includes surface underway data collected from R/V Wakataka-Maru during the Fisheries Research Agency (FRA) near-Japan pCO2 cruises project in the North Pacific Ocean and Japan Sea from 2017-08-28 to 2017-09-05. These data include partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) - atmosphere, partial pressure of CO2 - water, sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature and barometric pressure. The instruments used to collect these data include CO2 gas analyzer, shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous CO2 measurement.

This dataset includes surface underway data collected from R/V Soyo-Maru during the Fisheries Research Agency (FRA) near-Japan pCO2 cruises project in North Pacific Ocean and Japan Sea from 2018-04-17 to 2018-12-07. These data include partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) - atmosphere, partial pressure of CO2 - water, sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature and barometric pressure. The instruments used to collect these data include CO2 gas analyzer, shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous CO2 measurement.

This dataset includes surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from R/V Celtic Explorer Ships of Opportunity (SOOP) cruises in the North Atlantic Ocean from 2017-04-20 to 2017-12-09. These data include partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide (pCO2) - atmosphere, pCO2 - water, sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature and barometric pressure. The instruments used to collect these data include Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer.

This dataset includes discrete sample and profile data collected during the R/V Meteor MT80/2 cruise (EXPOCODE 06MT20091126) in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean from 2009-11-26 to 2009-12-22. These data include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, chlorofluorocarbons, nutrients and other measurements. R/V Meteor Cruise No. 80/2 was aimed at studying biogeochemical and physical processes in the tropical/subtropical Atlantic Ocean. Observations were carried out in the entire water column, from the sea floor to the sea surface.