The US Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS) report surface marine observations in both real-time (FM-13 ship format) and delayed-mode (International Maritime Meteorological Tape - IMMT format). To do this, most operating vessels use e-logbook software that allows an observer to enter information, then the software can transmit a real-time report as well as save the same report in a different format to the ship's hard drive for later access, i.e. delayed mode observation (DM).

This collection of keyed Logbooks from the East India Company voyages are formatted in a common digitized format. Data include daily instrumental measurements and weather observations from 1789 to 1834. Primary logbook elements (mainly daily data) include Latitude/Longitude (at noon), Ship's Course and Distance Traveled (at noon), Barometer (at noon), Air Temperature (at noon), Sea Surface Temperature (at noon), Sympiesometer (at noon), Wind Direction and Force (closest to noon), State of Weather/Visibility (all available), and State of Sea (all available).

The BASE Temperature Data Record (TDR) dataset from Colorado State University (CSU) is a collection of the raw unprocessed antenna temperature data that has been written into single orbit granules and reformatted into netCDF-4. The temperature data are from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) series of passive microwave radiometers carried onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites.

The Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager-Sounder (SSMIS) have been making measurements of earth-emitted microwave radiation for over two decades. Antenna temperature data from these sensors are used to derive both atmospheric and surface hydrological parameters and to generate these global monthly mean products. Specifically, this includes monthly or 5-day estimates of rainfall and its frequency, cloud liquid water and cloud frequency, water vapor, liquid water path, snow cover frequency, satellite sampling frequency and various imagery.

The Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) is a seven-channel linearly polarized passive microwave radiometer that operates at frequencies of 19.36 (vertically and horizontally polarized), 22.235 (vertically polarized), 37.0 (vertically and horizontally polarized), and 85.5 GHz (vertically and horizontally polarized). The instrument was carried aboard Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites F8, F10, F11, F12, F13, and F15. The Sensor Data Records (SDRs) from SSM/I contain calibrated and earth-located data after antenna pattern corrections have been applied.

The Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) is a seven-channel linearly polarized passive microwave radiometer that operates at frequencies of 19.36 (vertically and horizontally polarized), 22.235 (vertically polarized), 37.0 (vertically and horizontally polarized), and 85.5 GHz (vertically and horizontally polarized). The instrument was carried aboard Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites F8, F10, F11, F12, F13, and F15.

The Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) is a series of passive microwave conically scanning imagers and sounders onboard the DMSP satellites beginning with F-16. SSMIS improves upon the surface and atmospheric retrievals of the previous Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), and upon the atmospheric temperature and water vapor sounding capabilities of both the Special Sensor Microwave Temperature Sounder (SSM/T-1) and the Special Sensor Microwave Humidity Sounder (SSM/T-2).

*Note: This dataset version has been superseded by a newer version. It is highly recommended that users access the current version. Users should only use this version for special cases, such as reproducing studies that used this version.* The Special Sensor Microwave Imagers (SSM/I) are a series of six satellite radiometers that have been in operation since 1987 under the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP).

*Note: This dataset version has been superseded by a newer version. It is highly recommended that users access the current version. Users should only use this version for special cases, such as reproducing studies that used this version.* This NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 0.63 micron is retrieved from operational AVHRR orbital pixel level observations in the Level-1B Global Area Coverage (GAC) dataset.

This dataset version has been superseded by version 2. This data set provides a Climate Data Record (CDR) of passive microwave sea ice concentration based on the recommendations from the National Research Council (NRC) (2004). It is produced from gridded brightness temperatures from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) series of Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) passive microwave radiometers: F-8, F-11, and F-13. The NOAA/NSIDC CDR sea ice concentrations provide a consistent, daily time series of sea ice concentrations from 09 July 1987 through 31 December 2007.