This layer represents the nitrogen flux coming from onsite sewage disposal systems (OSDS) (e.g., cesspools and septic tanks). OSDS point data were obtained from the University of Hawaii at Manoa (UH) (Aly El-Kadi) and the State of Hawaii Department of Health (DOH) (Bob Whittier) that estimates nitrogen flux from each property, or Tax Map Key (TMK) parcel, with OSDS. The Ocean Tipping Points (OTP) project converted the points to raster by summing nutrient flux values within 500-m pixels.

This layer represents the phosphorus flux coming from onsite sewage disposal systems (OSDS) (e.g., cesspools and septic tanks). OSDS point data were obtained from the University of Hawaii at Manoa (UH) (Aly El-Kadi) and the State of Hawaii Department of Health (DOH) (Bob Whittier) that estimates nitrogen flux from each property, or Tax Map Key (TMK) parcel, with OSDS. The Ocean Tipping Points (OTP) project converted the points to raster by summing nutrient flux values within 500-m pixels.

Solar irradiance is one of the most important factors influencing coral reefs. As the majority of their nutrients are obtained from symbiotic photosynthesizing organisms, reef-building corals need irradiance as a fundamental source of energy. Seasonally-low irradiance at high latitudes may be linked to reduced growth rates in corals and may limit reef calcification to shallower depths than that observed at lower latitudes.

Solar irradiance is one of the most important factors influencing coral reefs. As the majority of their nutrients are obtained from symbiotic photosynthesizing organisms, reef-building corals need irradiance as a fundamental source of energy. Seasonally-low irradiance at high latitudes may be linked to reduced growth rates in corals and may limit reef calcification to shallower depths than that observed at lower latitudes.

Solar irradiance is one of the most important factors influencing coral reefs. As the majority of their nutrients are obtained from symbiotic photosynthesizing organisms, reef-building corals need irradiance as a fundamental source of energy. Seasonally-low irradiance at high latitudes may be linked to reduced growth rates in corals and may limit reef calcification to shallower depths than that observed at lower latitudes.

Solar irradiance is one of the most important factors influencing coral reefs. As the majority of their nutrients are obtained from symbiotic photosynthesizing organisms, reef-building corals need irradiance as a fundamental source of energy. Seasonally-low irradiance at high latitudes may be linked to reduced growth rates in corals and may limit reef calcification to shallower depths than that observed at lower latitudes.

Solar irradiance is one of the most important factors influencing coral reefs. As the majority of their nutrients are obtained from symbiotic photosynthesizing organisms, reef-building corals need irradiance as a fundamental source of energy. Seasonally-low irradiance at high latitudes may be linked to reduced growth rates in corals and may limit reef calcification to shallower depths than that observed at lower latitudes.

Sea surface temperature (SST) plays an important role in a number of ecological processes and can vary over a wide range of time scales, from daily to decadal changes. SST influences primary production, species migration patterns, and coral health. If temperatures are anomalously warm for extended periods of time, drastic changes in the surrounding ecosystem can result, including harmful effects such as coral bleaching. This layer represents the annual average frequency of anomalies of SST from 2000-2013, with values presented as fraction of a year.

Sea surface temperature (SST) plays an important role in a number of ecological processes and can vary over a wide range of time scales, from daily to decadal changes. SST influences primary production, species migration patterns, and coral health. If temperatures are anomalously warm for extended periods of time, drastic changes in the surrounding ecosystem can result, including harmful effects such as coral bleaching. This layer represents the annual average of the maximum anomaly of SST (degrees Celsius) from 2000-2013.

Sea surface temperature (SST) plays an important role in a number of ecological processes and can vary over a wide range of time scales, from daily to decadal changes. SST influences primary production, species migration patterns, and coral health. If temperatures are anomalously warm for extended periods of time, drastic changes in the surrounding ecosystem can result, including harmful effects such as coral bleaching. This layer represents the mean SST (degrees Celsius) of the weekly time series from 2000-2013.