The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer-3 (AVHRR-3) onboard MetOp-B/C is a cross track scanner that senses the Earth's radiation via six channels ranging from 0.58 to 12.5 microns. These channels cover the visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR), shortwave-infrared (SWIR), medium-wave-infrared (MWIR), and thermal-infrared (TIR) spectral regions. AVHRR/3 provides day and night imaging of land, water and clouds, and measures sea surface temperature, ice, snow and vegetation cover.

The Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) real aperture radar is a C-band dual swath fan beam radar scatterometer onboard the European MetOp satellite series. This instrument uses radar to measure backscatter for determining wind speed/direction over the surface of the ocean and to detect sea ice. The ASCAT Level-1b product consists of geo-located radar backscatter values from six ASCAT beams at 25 km and 50 km resolution. These data are used by NOAA’s National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) to produce NOAA Unique Level-2 surface wind products.

The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) is hyperspectral infrared sounder onboard the European MetOp satellite series. IASI measurements are used to derive vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature and humidity in the infrared spectral range from 3.63 to 15.5 μm. Additionally IASI is used to derive trace gases, such as ozone, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane, as well as land and sea surface temperature, emissivity and cloud properties. This IASI Level-1c product provides thinned infrared radiance spectra at 0.5-1 cm resolution.

The Advanced Microwave Sounder Unit - A (AMSU-A) is an instrument onboard the NOAA/POES and EUMETSAT/MetOp Polar-orbiting satellite series. NOAA/POES and MetOp Polar-orbiting satellites circle the Earth approximately 14 times per/day from an altitude of approximately 520 miles above the Earth. The Earth's rotation allows the satellites to see different views with each orbit, and each satellite provides two complete views of the same location each day. AMSU-A is a microwave sounder with 15 channels used primarily for deriving atmospheric temperature profiles.

The Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) is an instrument onboard the NOAA/POES and EUMETSAT/MetOp Polar-orbiting satellite series. NOAA/POES and MetOp Polar-orbiting satellites circle the Earth approximately 14 times per/day from an altitude of approximately 520 miles above the Earth. The Earth's rotation allows the satellites to see different views with each orbit, and each satellite provides two complete views of the same location each day. MHS is a microwave sounder with five microwave channels used primarily for water vapor detection.

The Multiplatform Tropical Cyclone Surface Wind Analysis (MTCSWA) algorithm combines data from multiple LEO and GEO satellites to create a mid-level (near 700 hPa) wind analysis product for estimating tropical cyclone surface winds. MTCSWA is used by weather forecasters (along with modeling data) to predict the expected wind speeds and storm surge for land-falling tropical cyclones and by emergency managers for disaster planning.

The daily gridded, snow and ice coverage map is a blended product generated by the Automated Snow and Ice Mapping System (GMASI). The map is produced from Level-1 observations obtained by the AVHRR, AMSR2, and GMI instruments, onboard the MetOp-B, MetOp-C, GCOM-W, and GPM satellites. GMASI was developed to facilitate the operational monitoring of snow and ice cover and to provide Cryosphere status information to Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models.

This AutoSnow product provides daily, gridded, snow and ice coverage maps for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The maps are produced from Level-1 observations obtained by the AVHRR, AMSU, GMI, and GMS instruments, onboard MetOp, GOES, and Meteosat satellites. The daily snow map provides a continuous (gap free) characterization of hemispheric snow and ice cover generated on a latitude-longitude grid at a 4 km resolution.

This research targets the Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative (HCRI) Priority Area A: Kahekili, Maui: Herbivore Fisheries Management Area (KHFMA). The project goal was to evaluate the efficacy of this new management action by developing a detailed algal production/herbivore consumption budget. The KHFMA was established in an effort to promote herbivore grazing and thus reverse the decline in coral cover on the reef through increased algal consumption.

This dataset includes chemical, physical and underway - surface data collected from NATHANIEL B. PALMER in the Arctic Ocean, Beaufort Sea, Bering Sea, Indian Ocean, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, North Pacific Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean, South Pacific Ocean and Tasman Sea from 1994-11-04 to 2012-08-31 and retrieved during cruise R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer Lines. These data include Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, SALINITY and SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE.